The textbook was specifically designed to be self-contained and requires only a minimal number of mathematical prerequisites considering the advanced mathematical topics introduced in this textbook. The minimal mathematical prerequisites for this book are: (i) linear algebra at the lower division mathematics level, (ii) multivariable or vector calculus at the lower division mathematics level, (iii) a calculus-based probability theory and statistics course at the upper division mathematics level, and (iv) a relatively high level of mathematical sophistication (or equivalently fortitude) commensurate with a student pursuing doctoral work in mathematics, engineering, computer science, mathematical psychology, mathematical biology, or mathematical sociology. Some familiarity (either theoretical or simulation experience) with artificial neural networks will also prove helpful.